1. When Delores realized that her father had made lima beans and rice for dinner, she __A________,
claimed to feel nauseous, and excused herself from the table. The bag of stale popcorn in her
room would tide her over until breakfast.
A. clutched her stomach
B. was clutching her stomach
C. did clutch her stomach
2. Not only did Hank despise the way June chewed with her mouth open, ______c___ finding her
wet towels all over the bathroom floor.
A. but also disliked
B. but also disliking
C. but he also disliked
3. To protect her delicate hands, Fran will not rake the yard, do the dishes, or _____c_____.
A. refuses to scrub the bathtub
B. won't scrub the bathtub
C. scrub the bathtub
4. When Diane takes her beagle for a walk, Santana enjoys sniffing for edible garbage,
______b____, and lunging at squirrels.
A. howls at bicyclists
B. howling at bicyclists
C. she howls at bicyclists
5. After Amanda cashes her paycheck, the money goes to her savings account, cappuccino fund,
and _____B_____.
A. paying her credit card bill
B. toward her credit card balance
C. credit card balance
6. In preparation for her run, Alicia ______A____, applied sunscreen, and increased the volume on
her iPod.
A. tightened her shoelaces
B. was tightening her shoelaces
C. did tighten her shoelaces
7. We searched the car trunk, ____C______, and the top of the refrigerator, but we could not find
the box of cornflakes that we remember buying.
A. looked on the pantry shelves
B. on the pantry shelves
C. the pantry shelves
8. Bonkers, our ninety pound golden retriever, chews on furniture, _______C___, and snots up the
car windows—inconveniences we didn't anticipate when we adopted him.
A. would drag us around the neighborhood during walks
B. he drags us around the neighborhood during walks
C. drags us around the neighborhood during walks
9. Belinda saw very little of the horror movie, for she shut her eyes _______A___, when she heard
the monster's footsteps in the dead leaves, and when characters started screaming.
A. when the violins began to play
B. while listening to the violins play
C. during the violin music
10. In Mrs. Curall's office, Ruben feigned the flu. He hoped to be excused from class, get an
extension on his paper, and __A________.
A. spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
B. to spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
C. then to spend the afternoon playing tennis with his friends
11. Carlos not only missed his one-year anniversary with Adrianna ________A__.
A. but he also forgot his mother's birthday
B. but also forgot his mother's birthday
C. but also forgetting his mother's birthday
12. Teresa was expecting a visit from her mother, so she spent the day cleaning the shelves of the
refrigerator, scrubbing mold from the bathroom tile grout, and _____B_____.
A. she removed dog hair from the sofa cushions
B. removing dog hair from the sofa cushions
C. removed dog hair from the sofa cushions
13. When Noodle the poodle realized that the leash meant a bath, not a walk to the park, he
growled, pulled, and ____C______.
A. was leaping like a fish on a line
B. he was leaping like a fish on a line
C. leaped like a fish on a line
14. With the humans out of the house, Skeeter had to decide either to shred a roll of toilet paper or
_______A___.
A. chew another hole in the sofa arm
B. chewing another hole in the sofa arm
C. if he wanted to chew another hole in the sofa arm
15. Neither ____B______ nor the ineffective air conditioner rattling in the window will deter Tiffany
from loving the freedom of her first apartment.
A. when the inconsiderate neighbors played loud music
B. the inconsiderate neighbors playing loud music
C. playing loud music by the inconsiderate neighbors
16. We looked everywhere for the car keys—under the sofa cushions, ____C______, and on the
counters and tabletops. All along, Andrew had them in the front pocket of his jeans!
A. our search included the trash can
B. searching for them in the trash can
C. in the trash can
17. Laura and Diane bang on Boen's door when they need heavy furniture moved, after they have
clogged the garbage disposal, and ____A______.
A. having discovered a spider in the bathtub
B. upon the discovery of a spider in the bathtub
C. if they find a spider in the bathtub
18. Bathing Noodle, our poodle, requires four arms to hold him in the tub, towels to mop up the
water, and ______b____.
A. raincoats which will keep us dry
B. raincoats to keep us dry
C. raincoats as protection against the oncoming deluge
19. We hate having dinner at Aunt Ida's house because she is a vegan health nut. Baked tofu,
______C____, and decaffeinated tea do not make a satisfying meal!
A. vegetables steamed with no oil or seasoning
B. steamed vegetables
C. vegetables that are flavorless
20. Tonia kicked the back of Vincent’s desk, _____A_____, and poked his arm with her sharp pencil,
but he would not bend to the side so that she could get a glimpse of his quiz answers.
A. blew on his neck
B. she blew on his neck
C. blowing on his neck

Final Review Exercise

Please correct comma splices, run-ons, fragments, misplaced/dangling modifiers, apostrophe usage, or any other punctuation or usage error you find. NOTE: Not every sentence has an error, and some sentences have more than one.

I have always wondered this: why am I able to see any random television program, often for less than ten seconds, and immediately recognize which network the show is airing on? To me, the differences seem obvious and undeniable on ABC. Colors are always darker and the definition is softer. NBC programs look more like traditional videotape brighter, sharper, more aggressively modern. Everything on CBS has a slightly grainy, understated appearance, Fox looks like the middle ground between CBS and NBC. When the show Cavemen premiered last fall, I came across the first episode by accident. It was not known what channel I was watching but I did know this: aesthetically Cavemen looked like an ABC show, it looked like Head of the Class, which had looked like Barney Miller. I had a similar experience when I first saw 30 Rock, a sitcom that visually resembles Friends, which visually resembled Silver Spoons. These relationships have nothing to do with content, they refer only to the technical, non-narrative aspects of how the shows are broadcast. For reasons I don’t understand, I can identify the look of any major network instantaneously. So can a lot of other people, we can do it without even trying.

Except that we can’t.

It’s a paradox. My ability to differentiate between TV networks is real. When I watch Lost, I sometimes think this reminds me of Twin Peaks and Moonlighting. I am right, but not for the reasons I believed. I think they look alike, but they don’t, or at least not any more than all the other TV dramas shot on 35mm film. It’s an optical illusion created by my own mind and what’s weird about this particular illusion is that it usually ends up proving accurate. I am tricking myself into seeing the truth, even though that truth is invisible. I have watched so much television that I am now a genius.

And I suppose an idiot.

When initially, pursuing this discrepancy the hypothesis was that these differences must be purely technological. I assumed the answer would be explained by different kinds of film stock ,or by different frequencies used during the transmission of satellite feeds. These possibilities were proved false. All the network producers buy their film stock from outside sources so there can’t be a brand of film that makes NBC look like NBC. It also can’t be a result of frequency because networks use different channels in different markets. As far as I can tell, there is no meaningful difference between how different networks shoot and broadcast.

This dead end made me question my whole premise, was I the only person who saw these differences? I started asking acquaintances if they could tell the difference between CBS and NBC. I noticed that whenever I asked a person who watched lots and lots of television they always said “Of course." But whenever I asked someone who only watched TV casually, they inevitably said something along the lines of, “I’m not sure.” At first, I thought those responses helped prove my point, and I thought they suggested that these aesthetic differences were real, but their subtlety was lost on anyone who wasn’t a sophisticated viewer. But now I suspect a different explanation, in reality watching an inordinate amount of TV causes a person to imagine concrete visual differences, that are merely just the manifestation of abstract subconscious knowledge.

PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
A pronoun agrees with its antecedent in number, gender, and person. If the antecedent is singular,
a singular pronoun is required. The plural antecedent requires a plural pronoun.
 The following antecedents are referred to by singular pronouns: anybody, anyone, each, either,
everybody, everyone, neither, nobody, one, somebody, someone.
 ex. Each of the boys has his own savings account.
Anyone can achieve his or her goals.
 Singular antecedents joined by or/nor are referred to by a singular pronoun.
 ex. John nor Dave could find his jacket.
A dog or a cat can find its way home.
 Collective nouns may take either a singular or plural pronoun, depending on the meaning of the
sentence.
 ex. The cast is having its picture taken. (whole group as one)
The cast quickly took their places on stage. (individuals)
Choosing the Right Pronoun. Underline the correct pronoun.
 1. Neither Mary nor Laura has turned in (her, (their)) report.
 2. Anybody can learn to set up (his, (their)) own tent.
 3. Each of the boys takes care of (his,( their)) own room.
 4. Neither Tom nor Jim can give (his, (their)) report today.
 5. Anyone can join our group if (he, (they)) is really interested.
 6. The team can't play ((its), their) best when it's too hot.
 7. Either Bill or Tony will lend you ((his), their) book.
 8. Everyone should do (his, (their)) best work on the project.
 9. George wants to go into politics; he finds ((it), them) exciting.
10. Everyone should be in (his, (their)) seat before the curtain goes up.
11. Some of the team are wearing (his, (their)) new helmets.
12. Every class officer will do (her, (their)) best.
13. I find that playing bridge is hard on ((my), your) nerves.
14. Some of the vanilla has lost ((its), their) flavor.
15. Everybody will receive (his, (their)) scores in the mail.
16. Someone will be disappointed by (his, (their)) grade on the exam.
17. One should not worry too much about (his, (their)) past mistakes.
18. Each of us is prepared to give (his, (their)) speech on Thursday.
19. Has anyone lost (her, (their)) jacket?
20. Nobody plays (his, (their)) best when the humidity is very high. M:\9-TLC\TLC Web Design\Handouts Worksheets\Grammar.Punctuation.Writing\Pronouns and
Antecedents.doc
 1. Neither Mary nor Laura has turned in ((her), their) report.
 2. Anybody can learn to set up (his, (their)) own tent.
 3. Each of the boys takes care of ((his), their) own room.
 4. Neither Tom nor Jim can give ((his), their) report today.
 5. Anyone can join our group if ((he), they) is really interested.
 6. The team can't play ((its), their) best when it's too hot.
 7. Either Bill or Tony will lend you( (his), their) book.
 8. Everyone should do (his, (their)) best work on the project.
 9. George wants to go into politics; he finds (it, (them)) exciting.
10. Everyone should be in (his, (their)) seat before the curtain goes up.
11. Some of the team are wearing (his,( their)) new helmets.
12. Every class officer will do ((her), their) best.
13. I find that playing bridge is hard on (my,( your)) nerves.
14. Some of the vanilla has lost (its, (their)) flavor.
15. Everybody will receive ((his), their) scores in the mail.
16. Someone will be disappointed by ((his), their) grade on the exam.
17. One should not worry too much about ((his), their) past mistakes.
18. Each of us is prepared to give ((his), their) speech on Thursday.
19. Has anyone lost ((her), their) jacket?
20. Nobody plays ((hi)s, their) best when the humidity is very high.

Comma Usage Exercise 2

Please add commas wherever they are necessary.

Norman Bethune, a Canadian doctor, became a famous Canadian who is better known outside of Canada, than in it. Bethune was born in Gravenhurst, Ontario, in 1890. As a young man he studied medicine, and in 1917 he became a doctor. At the age of 36 he was stricken with tuberculosis, a devastating lung disease. He spent about a year recovering and subsequently won worldwide fame for his experiments in lung surgery, and for his invention of instruments used in chest surgery. In 1936, Bethune joined the Republican Army in the Spanish Civil War. When he developed the first mobile blood transfusion service in history, his fame around the world increased. The blood transfusion service allowed doctors for the first time, to provide significant treatment to soldiers near battle fronts. In 1938 , Bethune went to China, which was at war with Japan. Bethune organized field hospitals, served as a battle surgeon, and set up medical schools to train Chinese surgeons. In November, 1938, he became medical chief of the Chinese Eighth Route Army. Unfortunately in 1939, after only 21 months in China Bethune died of blood poisoning. Despite Bethune’s major medical innovations, most Canadians have never heard of him. However; he is considered a national hero in China, and is well known in many other parts of the world.

Directions: In the blank beside each sentence, indicate whether that sentence contains a dangling modifier (DM) or a
misplaced modifier (MM). Then rewrite the sentence to correct it. Check the answers by using the key below.
Because rewritten sentences will vary, have a writing counselor check your new sentences for you.
Examples:
a. At the age of six, my mother sang hymns to me. DM
 Correction: When I was six, my mother sang hymns to me.
b. We were told at midnight the concert would begin. MM
Correction: We were told the concert would begin at midnight.

1. The car on the bridge which is green is mine. MM
My car on the bridge is green.

2. Expecting confusion, our plans were made. DM
We were expecting confusion, after our plans were made.

3. Feeling hot, sweaters were taken off.MM
Sweaters were taken off, after feeling hot.

4. I showed my dog to the veterinarian with the fleas. MM
I showed my dog with fleas, to the veterinarian

5. Larry told me he was getting married that afternoon at night. DM
Larry told me he was getting married that afternoon.

6. This typewriter is used by a secretary with a wide carriage. MM
This typewriter with a wide carriage, is used by a secretary.

7. Swimming out into the sea, the current grew stronger. MM
The current grew stronger, swimming out to sea.

8. Walking along the bridge, a ship suddenly appeared.MM
A ship suddenly appeared, walking along the bridge.

9. The Honda was stalled on the road out of oil. DM
Out of oil, the Honda stalled on the road.

10. He kept a black book of all the girls he had dated in his desk. MM
In his desk, he kept a black book of all the girls he dated.

11. On entering the room, the messages are easily seen.MM
The messages are easily seen entering the room.

12. While at the park, the sun shone brightly on the sunbathers. MM
The sun shone brightly on sunbathers while at the park.

13. Mary should jump at whatever is demanded quickly. DM
Whatever is demanded quickly, mary should jump at it.
14. He kept all his medicine in the medicine cabinet that had been prescribed for him.MM
He kept all his medicine that had been prescribed to him, in the medicine cabinet.

15. When only a baby, Mom took me scuba diving.DM
When I was a baby, my mom took me scuba diving.

MISPLACED MODIFIERS WORKSHEET
Write "C" if the modifier is correctly placed. Write "MM" if it is misplaced. Then, in the "MM" sentences, circle the
modifier and draw an arrow to show where it should go.
1. The man(...) was stopped for speeding (in the blue sweater.)MM
2. I almost saw the whole movie, but I fell asleep around midnight. c
3.(.....) Joe promised to mow the lawn (running out the door.)MM
4. The initials were those of the lovers carved on the tree. C
5. There are only two parking spaces left in the lot.C
6. Every four hours the doctor told him to take a pill.C
7.(.....) Sitting on the porch, (I smoked my last cigarette).MM
8. The woman(....) walked toward us (wearing the feather hat)MM.
9.(....) The jet crashed into a cliff (carrying 155 passengers.)MM
10. I hardly ate any breakfast.C
11. (....)I watched the mechanic fix the car (with admiration).MM
12. I earn(....) fifty dollars a week (scarcely.)MM
13.(....) Reaching into the cupboard, (I found the bag of cookies.)MM
14. We borrowed a mower(....) from a neighbor (that was broken).MM
15.(......) Climbing up the telephone pole, (we saw a squirrel.)MM
16. Mel,(....) running rapidly, (disappeared around the bend)MM.
17. The cat was rescued(......) after the building had been set on fire (by a fireman.)MM
18. We've almost found all the pieces to the puzzle. C?
19. She vowed(....) on her birthday (to go on a diet.)MM
20. We(...) need gas (badly.)
DANGLING MODIFIERS WORKSHEET
Draw one line under the dangling modifier in each of the following sentences.
1.( Driving in heavy traffic), my head started to ache.
2. (Fishing for trout), our boat tipped over.
3. (Crossing the border,) my bags were searched.
4.( Searching my wallet), my driver's license was found.
5.( A shovel was used), building the sand castle.
Write "DM" if the modifier is dangling or "C" if it has a subject to refer to and the sentence is correct.
Underline the subject.
1. Chasing his sister, (Billy) fell and bruised his knee. DM
2. Feeling nervous, (nails) were bitten.DM
3. Running scared, the( cat) climbed up the tree. C
4. Laughing hysterically, the( joke) was repeated.C
5. Slipping on the ice, (her leg) was broken. DM
In all of the following sentences, there are modifiers that do not apply clearly to the word they modify.
Underline the subject and rewrite the sentence, making the modifier apply clearly to the word it modifies. If
there is no subject, supply an appropriate one. Please have a writing counselor check the remaining exercises.
1. Reaching the finals, (the game) was won by the Tigers.
.The game was won by the Tigers, in the finals.
2. Playing skillfully, (a touchdown) was made by the home team.
.A touchdown was made by the home team playing skillfully.
3. Raising his hand, the question was answered by Joe.
.Joe, raising his hand, answered the question.
4. Planting vegetables, her knees got dirty.
.Her knees got dirty planting vegetables.
5. Speaking for the community, the issue was raised by Mrs. Santos.
. The issue was raised by Mr. Santos when speaking for the community.
Correct the following sentences by changing the dangling modifier into a dependent clause. Rewrite the entire
sentence in the space provided.
1. Fooling around, the lamps got broken.
 When we were fooling around, the lamps got broken.
2. Dashing through the snow, a stone upset the sleigh.
.A stone upset the snow while we were dashing through the snow.
3. Driving home, our car got a flat tire.
.Our car got a flat tire, while we were driving home.
4. Waiting for my friend, the weather turned bad.
.While I was waiting for my friend the weather turned bad.
5. Taking out the garbage, snow started to fall.
.The snow started to fall while he was taking out the garbage.
Complete these sentences.
1. Since moving to Nebraska, we have all been really homesick.
2. Before putting on a show, she made sure her ballet slippers were tied to perfection.
3. While waiting for the Sears man, I found what I needed by myself.
4. By having the oil filter changed, my car's performance has improved greatly
5. On hearing about your divorce, I have been needing to talk to you about something.
Complete these sentences.
1. To appreciate the music, I search YouTube 3 hours a day to discover new inspiring artists.
2. To get a raise, I make sure I am putting one hundred percent effort in anything I do.
3. To have a successful barbecue, my dad never forgets to bring the beer!
4. To get to know people, I like spending time out of work or school.
5. To understand the stock market, I don't pay any attention to it.

EXERCISE
In the blanks provided, indicate whether the following sentences are correct (C) or contain a comma 
splice (CS) or a run-on (R-0).
Example: Red is my favorite color I don=t like purple.
run-on 
1. Some people know very early in life what they want to do with their life, others never 
know. CS
2. One Nobel Prize winner knew by age ten that he wanted to be a scientist.RO

3. Some people change majors several times before they find a profession they like some 
know their chosen field right from the start of their college education. RO
4. Many people choose not to go to college, they prefer to get a job right out of high 
school. CS
5. Mary, a cousin of mine, is still in college at age fifty she says she doesn=t know what she 
wants to be when she grows up. RO
6. Allan, a nephew of mine, wants to be a professional student; he already has two 
master=s degrees and a doctorate and is pursuing still another master=s. RO
7. In addition, some people spend a lifetime doing something they really aren=t happy 
doing by the time they realize they are in the wrong field, it may be too late to change. RO

8. Satisfaction with one=s chosen career is very important, choosing the right career is not 
always easy. CS
9. There are computerized career services, as well as other guidance counselors, available 
for those who need help, it is up to each person to seek help, though. CS
10. One can waste a great deal of valuable time choosing a career by the common trial 
and error method it would be much wiser for each individual to seek professional help in 
selecting the right career. RO
11. On the first day of the tour we visited the Capitol, we spent the second day at the
Smithsonian Institute. CS
12. Even though I did not feel very well today, I went to my morning classes I cut my 
afternoon English class. RO
13. That the sun always rises is a true statement. 14. Carole has been in the hospital for more than an week, I hope the doctors will be able 
to determine what is wrong with her. CS
15. Although the weather is unusually stormy this spring, spring usually is our wettest 
season. CS
16. Working for sixty hours a week is not unusual for him in fact, some weeks he works 
more than seventy hours. CS
17. Kimberly explained her project to us we carefully listened. RO
18. Connor squealed happily as the other children danced around him. C

1.Technology has evolved greatly over the years there are so many new cellphones, tablets, and game consoles.
2 The internet has been around for over two decades the average person uses up to 11 hours a day operating their smartphones, TV, tablets, laptops, and so on.
3. Many times I have caught myself glued to my phone on Facebook or Instagram totally ignoring whoever is talking to me or when my son is trying to get my attention.
4.I realize how technology and social media is negatively affecting our lives I could have been interacting with my son or I could have had a great conversation with a friend.
5. I remember when I was younger I would play with Brats Dolls or I'd go ahead and doodle on some scratch paper but now I see my brothers with a tablets attached to their face.
6. I mean yes, tablets do have applications where I  can draw or even play with animated characters but its not like they're actually interacting with kids or doing physical activities.
7.Nowadays today's modern people are too dependent on technology when dealing with their daily routine we need our phones on us at all times during the day.
8. Without our phones people act like its the end of the world although the newer technology is helpful there are many problems ti has caused with our people.
9.The new technology followed by social media are affecting our mental health, physical health, and families' relationships.
10.Today the newer gadgets helps us obtain information with just a tap on the screen rather than waiting for the paper boy to deliver the Sunday paper.




1. We can find out what our friends are up. Just by logging onto Facebook and checking their status updates.
2. Technology and social media is changing the way we communicate. It is changing the way we interact with others.
3 Its affecting our attitudes and patience. Its affecting our mental health.
4. Using too much technology and social media, isolating ourselves from the world. Can lead to many mental disorders.
5. Today's modern technology is affecting our physical health. The health of children and adults.
6. We are too focused on technology, the first thing our children do when they get home from school is ask to play with a play or video games.
7. They'd rather be inside. Immersed into these rectangle glowing screens instead of playing outside.
8.This is teaching children bad habits. They are sitting around instead of being outside doing physical activities.
9. Instead, they are inside being a couch potato. Playing video games and watching videos on their tablets.
10.The United States is on of the top three countries with the most advanced technology. Our lives pretty much revolve around it.

Exercise 1

1. Because Luke has been working so hard with Yoda, he expects to earn his Jedi status. 

2. Han Solo, is without a doubt the most complex character in Star Wars, however, Boba Fett and Darth Maul have also been fascinating to fans for years, because their past is largely unknown, both characters could be developed more in future stories. 

3. I like to watch television, attend films, and read but, what I enjoy most is the Star Wars collectible card game. 

4. Leia, you can contact me at 444 Wise Avenue Seattle, Washington. 

5. Chekhov knew the answers, because he had studied so hard and listened carefully to his superior officers. 

6. Captain Kirk said, “I’ll never understand why Klingons agree to summits and then never show up, it seems at the very least that they would send an emissary but, they can’t even do that.” 

7. No one in Luke’s family, except for his grandmother, knows how to make bantha stew. 

8. Obi-Wan Kenobi, a vegetarian has always been healthy and energetic, in fact he still spars and lives on his own at the age of 88, which is remarkable. 

9. The teachers that I like, are the ones who take the time to answer questions like Yoda. 

10. “I am fairly sure Chewbacca, that you will find a good job in the field of engineering”, said Randall, the job placement counselor. 

11. Although Uncle Owen has been working hard on his moisture vaporators, he still needs to plant more trees, shrubs, and flowers before it will look as nice as his neighbors’ yards. 

12. The new roof will be put on the Death Star next week and the loading dock will be painted soon but, the primary weapon which needs a new power source won’t be operational until next month. 

13. Correct

14. Anakin Skywalker, my two-year-old, is very curious so I have to keep a close eye on him. 

15. Two others in the theater, not just you, complained about that annoying Jar Jar Binks.

Exercise 2

1 Correct

2. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.

3.  Madame de Stael, was an attractive gracious lady.

4.  Nice, is a word with many meanings and some of them are contradictory.

5.  Correct

6.Correct

7   Taxicabs, that are dirty, are illegal in some cities.

8.  The closet contained worn clothes, old shoes, and dirty hats.

9.  The uninvited guest, wore a dark blue tweed suit.

10.  After surviving this ordeal, the trapper felt relieved.

11.  Mark Twain's early novels, I believe, stand the test of time.

12.  December 7 ,1941 ,will never be forgotten.

13.  The field was safe enough, wasn't it?

14.  Write the editor of the Atlantic 8 Arlington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

15.  He replied, "I have no idea what you mean."

16.  Correct

17.  Because of their opposition to institutions that force creatures to live in captivity, some people refuse to go to the zoo.

18. Correct

19.  Vests, which were once popular, have been out of vogue for several years.

20. As a celestial goddess, she regulated the course of the heavenly bodies and controlled the alternating seasons.

Exercise 3

1. The problems involved in this operation, are, I think numerous.
2. Celene, who does not usually tell anyone what she feels, said she didn't want to go to the dance.
3. To get tickets for some Broadway musicals, one has to order three months in advance.
4. Listening to the radio, Jun heard an announcement that Spangler, his own dog was lost.
5. I used to live at 16689 Sutton Avenue, Milpitas, California but we have since moved to 1895 Holland Way, Dubuque, Iowa.
6. The Valley of the Moon, the name of a section in Napa County California, is the heart of the state's wine producing area.
7. Chris did not see how he could organize, write, and proofread this paper in only two hours.
said she didn't want to go to the dance.
3. To get tickets for some Broadway musicals, one has to order three months in advance.
4. Listening to the radio, Jun heard an announcement that Spangler, his own dog was lost.
5. I used to live at 16689 Sutton Avenue, Milpitas, California but we have since moved to 1895 Holland Way, Dubuque, Iowa.
6. The Valley of the Moon, the name of a section in Napa County California, is the heart of the state's wine producing area.
7. Chris did not see how he could organize, write, and proofread this paper in only two hours.
8. By the pilings of the old pier, I found four starfish, a clam, and a sea anemone.
9. Yes, Helen did mention that all three of you were coming for lunch.

10. I believe therefore, that fraternities are good influences on a college campus.

Exercise 4

Paragraph 1

Tonight after school, we have our final soccer game of the season. Our coach Mr. Jones stated, “I want all of you to play your best and play fair.” The game started. We knew if we didn’t play aggressively we would lose. At half time our opponents were ahead by two. Shortly after, we managed to tie the game.

We had very little time left and knew we had to play well. The audience was cheering loudly, they could feel the tension in the air. Dean, our captain, called a time out. We gathered around and our coach said, “You can do it play smart!” We didn’t want to let our coach or fans down. Just then, Dean kicked the ball, the crowd went wild. The ball went right through the net. Just then, the buzzer went to signal the end of the game! Much to our surprise, we won in the last two minutes of the game!

Paragraph 2

If you want to know where to buy the most amazing ice cream in the state of Texas, I can tell you. Amy's ice cream, owned by my cousin, has the creamiest most flavorful ice cream in the South. She offers some really exotic flavors, like stinky fruit swirl and chocolate covered grasshopper delight, but she also offers normal flavors like chocolate, vanilla, strawberry, etc. This variety is what makes her shop so popular. If you are ever in Houston, you need to be sure and stop in for a taste. She is located at 298 Wesson Avenue, Houston, Texas. You won't be disappointed.

Martin Luther King Jr. appeals to ethos by stating facts about how after hundreds of years "the negro still isn't free from segregation". He also mentions the Constitution . He appeals to pathos by making the fight for freedom clear to the audience. He draws emotion from the white and blacks by mentioning he wants his children to live in a nation where his kids wont be judged by their skin color. Im not to sure how he appeals to logos........:/

1.       Schlosser assumes that his readers have been in that situation, his audience is most likely to everyone in general, but mostly parents. He mentions a lot about children and their parents. The benefits of targeting this audience could open up parent’s eyes of what social media is doing to their children. The risks could be bad reviews because parents don’t want to think they are not raising their children properly.

2.       Schlosser seemed to be semi persuasive, he had a lot of facts in the article but a lot of beliefs and opinions as well.

Ethos-Schlosser believes that social media is affecting kids more than it is to adults. This makes a good argument because it’s easy for people to disagree about an opinion.

Pathos-Parents feel bad that they can’t spend more time with their children so they spend more money on them. It’s a good argument because people can explain why they parents don’t have time for their children, and why they spend more money on their children.

Logos-Most kids nowadays spend most of their time inside watching TV, playing with apps on tablets or cellphones, rather than playing outside. This makes a good argument because people can share opinions on why kids nowadays are like this.

Exercise 28.5

1.       Many colleges have started campus garden programs that aim to teach students about the benefits of sustainable farming methods, and locally grown food.

2.       These gardens use organic farming techniques, and also provide fresh produce for the college cafeteria.

3.       A garden big enough to grow produce for a college cafeteria requires a large piece of land.

4.       A garden also needs a leader who can choose crops that will thrive in local growing conditions.

5.       Volunteers willing to work in the garden every week are essential.

6.       Some campus gardeners distribute produce to people in the community, who live far from a grocery store.

7.       Correct

8.       The colleges may distribute produce with special trucks, or “veggie wagons” that drive through the urban neighborhoods.

9.       The wagons deliver produce once a week, although they may make two deliveries during peak harvest time.

1.   A community garden planted during the academic year will fare better in southern states, where the growing season is longer than northern states.

Exercise 28.6

1.       American colonists first imported pasta from the English, who they had discovered it as tourists in Italy.

2.       The English, who were called macaronis because of their fancy airs, were returning from their grand tours of Italy.

3.       A hair style, with elaborate curls, was also called macaroni.

4.       The song “Yankee Doodle” refers to this hairdo, when it reports that Yankee Doodle “stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni.

5.       The song, a creation of the English, was actually intended to poke fun at unrefined American Colonists.

Exercise 28.7

1.       Prices have risen rapidly, the government debated a price freeze.

2.       A price freeze, unlike a rise in interest rates seemed a sure solution.

3.       The President would have to persuade businesses to accept a price freeze, his methods depending on their resistance.

4.       No doubt the President, his advisers having urged it, would first try a patriotic appeal.

5.       The President, not his advisers, insisted on negotiations with businesses.

             First, Ethos is when you write an essay, argument, or passage based on your beliefs. It could also be when you choose to believe an argument or not based on who wrote it. To appeal to ethos, Find a topic your readers will find fair with you explaining. Also, provide good evidence in appealing to ethos. Having different viewpoints and viewing situations others would is important.
            Second, pathos is when people are struck by emotions or a reasonable argument. Appealing to pathos is an important part of an argument. It brings out emotion in our readers, that will make readers agree with you. In appealing to pathos, explain what you believe in. State your common beliefs with your readers. Dramatic words, sarcasm, and exaggeration can affect your writing.
            Last, logos is when you use logical information and evidence in a situation.  Ethos and pathos are involved when writing a logos passage. When appealing to logos let it be known that your statements are true. Be sure that you evidence is precise and that your conclusion uses proficient words and evidence that lead to your conclusion.

Exercise 1
1. T
2. NT
3.NT
4.NT
5. NT
6.T
7.T
8.T
9.NT
10. T

Exercise 2
1. GT
2 NGT
3. GT
4.NGT
5. GT
6.NGT
7.GT
8.NGT
9.GT
10. NGT

Exercise 3

2.
4.Thirst is harder to endure than hunger, hunger can be endured by eating a meal, rather than thirst being quenches by a cup of water.
6.Jogging can add years to one's life, this is why exercise is so important in our lives.
8.The way people shake hands can reveal something about their characters, which is important to be professional to make a first good impression.
10.In Moby Dick, Melville did an amazing job at making it one of the most strangest and wonderful books in the world.

                To begin with in summarizing Chapter 5 From Formulating to Developing a Thesis, A thesis is a statement that a writer makes at the start of what they are about to write, The thesis tells what the whole essay is mainly about, it is usually the main idea of the passage. To support the thesis, the writer will include many examples. A working thesis, helps writers to read selectively, also its a first try at an assertion of your point of view. A working thesis shouldn't be the final product, it should be edited and reviewed. There are three models that can help develop a thesis, and those are the Correcting-Misinterpretations Model, Filling-the-Gap Model, and Modifying-What-Others-Have-Said Model. The correcting-misinterpretations model corrects a writer that misunderstands different sides of a subject. The Filling-the Gap Model shows writers what they have failed to notice when deliberating a matter. The Modifying-What-Others-Have-Said Model is when writers assume that a common understanding of an issue is likely. Next, a context is needed for the writers claim, it makes the topic of the conversation, it shows that you are familiar with the topic. When stating your thesis, it helps readers see your reasoning. There are some words than can cause trouble thesis statements, these words are although, though, but, however, and yet. There are many different strategies of formulating to developing a thesis, following these models and tips could lead to an efficient thesis.

Chapter 5 notes

Exercise 1
1.  3 ,2,5,1,4
2. 6, 1,2,3,5,4
3. 5, 2,3,1,4

Exercise 2
1. American's lifestyle has similarities with the lifestyles in other countries.

2. European schools and American schools are very different from each other.

3. When people live in different climates their home shelters will differ from each other.

Exercise 3
1. Smoking is one of the leading causes of death in America.
2. Traveling to foreign countries can be very exciting, but its important to get vaccinations to avoid diseases or sicknesses.

skip to 2:24, kind of inappropriate but I thought it was pretty funny since we've been reviewing commas... "Commas save lives" ha ha ha
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nr5rDYxHNbc&index=10&list=UUqTk2nsJ9K_PRaDFG0rY4XA

In "How to Write with Style," Kurt Vonnegut makes many suggestions on becoming a better writer. Here are some of the suggestions he uses in his passage "Harrison Bergeron." First, "Find a subject you care about," Vonnegut cares about this subject, he pretty much explains how life would be if we were all equal. Therefore, no one will ever be equal, we're all different with strengths and weaknesses. Second, "Keep it simple" and "Don't ramble," Vonnegut gets right to the point about explaining the society in 2081. Everyone is equal. Beautiful people must wear ugly masks, intelligent people are mentally handicapped, and strong people look weak. Third, "Sound like yourself," I feel like Vonnegut really does follow his suggestions in "How to Write with Style." He's really creative with picking a fictional topic explaining the future of equality. Although I don't know if that is him sounding like his self, I though it was a great passage. I found it really interesting, the ideas he came up with to make sure how everyone was considered equal.

In How to Write with Style, Kurt Vonnegut informs us pretty much how to write with style. He explains how to improve your writing, and that the way we use our words in our writing can affect the readers about the author. First Vonnegut describes how to find a subject that you care for when writing.  He states that writers should not chatter to much about the topic, and to simply make it easy to understand. Also he asserts that if we do come up with a good sentence, not to use it if it goes off topic. Vonnegut expresses that the best style is when you being yourself in your writing, and to say what you intend to say although it doesn't follow the rules. He feels as if we should dumb things down a bit for our readers so that they can fully understand, and that we should be comprehensive at the same time.

My first month of college has been a bit rough. The first two weeks were a hell of a way wake up call, I was so stressed, but now I think I'm finally adjusting. I feel that my strengths in school is that I get my work done before its done, and my weakness is that I procrastinate a lot. Although I procrastinate a lot, I still get my work done, but it's less stress without procrastination. Also, I would have more time to do my assignments if I didn't put it off to the side for later. The biggest challenge about being in school is making sure I stay on top of everything, school, work, and caring for my son. Its a lot of work juggling all of these together and I'm very busy at times. But, I think I'm able to handle it pretty well. I think everything is going pretty well with school, I like my classes and I'm already excited for next semester. I'm just not ready for those 5+ page papers and presentations.. ha ha. I like my teachers, they're really helpful. College is much what I expected, lots of work! I kind of wish I would've went to school sooner, because I feel a little lost being out of school for a year. But, I know I'll get all the information glued back into my brain again. :)

Eng 121 notes

Notes

A basic argument, writing assignment working on in Eng 121
-2 1/2 - 4 pages
topics- Poverty in Colorado springs, Proposal for a positive change at PPCC, or atopic of your own choosing(with instructor's approval)

Assignments- Summary w/ outline of A Real Test by Alan M. Dershowitz due tomorrow

1. Critical thinking welcomes complexities and seek out and weighs many different point of views.
-Critical thinking welcome complexties, seeks out and weighs many different point of views.
2.Inquiries is to study a body of information look at it from differnt persepctives and ask questions that may not occur to people who are just scanning the information.
-Inquiries is to study a body of information and look at it in different perspectives. Ask questions that may not occur to people who are just scanning the information.
3.Entrepreneurs work really hard to get where they are usually brought from poverty and not very privledged families.
-Entrepreneurs work really hard to get where they are, usually brought up from poverty, and not very privledged families.
4.Even as a young individual I knew I wanted a different life than the others, to be on top, to be succesful and have people wanting to be like me one day.
-Even as a young individual, I knew I wanted a different life than the others. I wanted to be on top, to be successful, and have people wanting to be like me one day.
5.Although I seem pretty confident in what I am stating I feel as if when their is way too much going on in my life, I'd much rather like to give up, many times I have sat there on the edge of my bed thinking quietly that I am done.
- Although I seem pretty confident in what I am stating, I feel when there is way too much going on in my life, I'd much rather give up. Many times I have sat there on the edge of my bed thinking quietly that I am done.

Notes

      Johnson's main point in "Why Games Are Good for You" is that "everything bad is good for you". Johnson thinks that todays popular culture is making us smarter. Most people would say that games are bad for you, but they significantly have their advantages. Although Johnson goes over the advantages he also discusses the disadvantages as well. Video games helps kids develop hand-eye coordination. In some cases video games can help kids learn faster than being in a classroom. Games cause them to pay more attention, and wanting more and to see what is coming next. Games can help influence you to make quick decisions, which can be beneficial. Now going over the disadvantages, some people think that games are a "waste of time". Video games are believed to cause aggression issues. Also they are known to be an "escape" from the real world, and can encourage them to preform acts seen in games. Although Johnson goes over the pros and cons of games he believes that games are very beneficial for us.
       An aspect of pop culture I would like to argue about is today's tablets and smartphones. I feel that there are many pros and cons of  these new devices. Some advantages of these devices is that we can understand technology easier and teach our children how to use them. They can make a simple day even more simpler. Errands can be done through your smart phone, like cashing a check. Or an outfit for a night out with your friends over you tablet. We can communicate face to face with people who are even across the country! The disadvantages though is that we cant seem to get our eyes off of our tablets and smartphones. Instead of interacting with each other in person were interacting with each other over our phones. I feel that smartphones and tablets are teaching our younger generation bad habits of being glued to a piece of technology. Instead of working on there homework the first thing they want to do when they get home is get on their tablet/smartphone. Smartphones and tablets is causing communication to deteriorate.

Notes from Eng 121

Cornell notes

Cornell notes

Many people in my opinion will go to college to make their parents proud because that's what their parents want, or just because that's what you should do after high school. Well I'm in college for many reasons and that is to provide for my son and give my family an extra helping hand! Also another reason is that I love helping people, as do Nurses. To begin with, I'm in college to make a better life for my son. By going to college and graduating with a four year degree I can get a really helpful job to support my sons needs, a job that will most likely have me set for the rest of my life. I wont have to worry about my son not having a stable lifestyle because that's what he really needs. As my son grows older, he will notice what going to college has done for us and how successful I've become. Being a healthy role model for my son is really important. I'd want him to be able to look up to me and say after highschool he wants to go to college to further his education also. It will be the cherry on top when my son will be able to see me on stage graduating. I'm in school not only to make my son happy, but my parents too. My parents have done so much for me in life, making sure I've got everything, It wouldn't hurt to give a little back and succeed. I'm in college because I want to make something of myself and say "Why yes, I am a Nurse full-time," when someone asks me what my occupation is while at a casual party. I want a nice car, nice house, with a huge backyard, where my son can run around and play. Yes I know, typical "American Dream", but that's what I'm really looking forward too. Furthermore, I want to obtain a bachelor's degree of science in nursing. I love helping people, ever since I was little I knew I wanted a job that was involved in helping people. Its the best feeling knowing that I can make someone feel at ease or at least try to comfort them in the best way possible. It doesn't matter to me what the situation is, It'd just be so gratifying knowing that I can show my skills and set the situation off to a brighter side. Also having medical skills can come in such handy, and getting a job in the medical field is a really smart decision because it will never die down. There will always be sick people to tend to, old people to care for, viruses and diseases spreading around, and of course the unexpected happening. Unless scientists came up with some crazy miracle vaccination that would make people immune to everything, then the medical field would be straight out of luck... ha-ha just kidding, maybe in a couple hundred years! To conclude, these are my reasons on why I'm in college. My son, Family, and helping people are huge priorities of mine. I'm really excited about this journey, I will go on forth. I'm ready for the blood, sweat, and tears. Its going to be stressful juggling school, a job, and being a mother of one. That's no problem for me though, I'm unstoppable!